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Grass · surfaces — Grass Ward et al. (2016)grass composite

Surface bundlesgrasslondoncity

Composition

This composite is assembled from the entries below. Each evidence record keeps its own scientific review; a separate composition review assesses why these components were selected and how they are mapped.

albedoGrass se-england Awaiting sign-off
alb_min 0.18 · alb_max 0.21
emissivityGrass generic Awaiting sign-off
emis 0.93
water_storageGrass swindon Awaiting sign-off
storage_drain_params.store_min 1.9 · storage_drain_params.store_max 1.9
leaf_area_indexGrass generic Awaiting sign-off
lai.lai_type 1 · lai.lai_min 1.6 · lai.lai_max 5.9
leaf_growth_powerGrass (SE England) se-england Awaiting sign-off
lai.lai_power.growth_lai 0.04 · lai.lai_power.growth_gdd 0.001 · lai.lai_power.senescence_lai -1.5
drainageGrass swindon Awaiting sign-off
storage_drain_params.drain_eq 2 · storage_drain_params.drain_coef_1 0.013 · storage_drain_params.drain_coef_2 1.71
max_vegetation_conductanceGrass (SE England) se-england Curation required
max_conductance 33.1
porosityDummy value generic Agent assessed
biogen_co2Plant canopies generic Awaiting sign-off
alpha_bio_co2 0.044 · beta_bio_co2 43.35 · resp_a 1.08
snow_lim_patchGrass generic Awaiting sign-off
snowpack_limit 190
vegetation_growthGrass helsinki Curation required
lai.base_temperature 5 · lai.base_temperature_senescence 10 · lai.gdd_full 300
ohm · summer_wetCode 201 x Mulitplier for summer [2011] Awaiting sign-off
a1 0.23 · a2 0.325 · a3 -16.91
ohm · summer_dryCode 201 x Mulitplier for summer [2011] Awaiting sign-off
a1 0.23 · a2 0.325 · a3 -16.91
ohm · winter_wetCode 201 x Multiplier for winter [2012] Awaiting sign-off
a1 0.27 · a2 0.325 · a3 6.62
ohm · winter_dryCode 201 x Multiplier for winter [2012] Awaiting sign-off
a1 0.27 · a2 0.325 · a3 6.62

Composition provenance

Curation required

Assembled · assessed by provenance-audit · 2026-08-23. Agent assessment is composition review preparation, not human verification.

Code 201 x Mulitplier for summer [2011]Selected component

Fills the ohm.summer_wet and ohm.summer_dry slots. The record declares target ohm_coefficients, name "Code 201 x Mulitplier for summer [2011]" and source ward2016, and season_label Summer; it carries no place or representativeness field. Its season_label matches the two positions it fills.

Code 201 x Multiplier for winter [2012]Selected component

Fills the ohm.winter_wet and ohm.winter_dry slots. The record declares target ohm_coefficients, name "Code 201 x Multiplier for winter [2012]" and source ward2016, and season_label Winter; it carries no place or representativeness field. Its season_label matches the two positions it fills.

Plant canopiesSelected component

Fills the biogen_co2 slot. The record declares target land_cover.common and mixed leaf-level provenance. Ruimy supplies the generic light-response pair, Schmid supplies the site-scoped Morgan-Monroe respiration pair, and Järvi supplies the site-scoped Finnish minimum-respiration floor. It is the only component declaring the surface-agnostic land_cover.common target; its cross-site selection remains a composition-level curation question.

Dummy valueSelected component

Fills the porosity slot structurally. The assumed, unreferenced "Dummy value" adapter has an empty parameters mapping and only preserved legacy -999 sentinels, so it contributes no active parameter and makes no literature-value claim.

GrassSelected component

Fills the vegetation_growth slot. The record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place helsinki, representativeness city and source jarvi2014. An unused ward2016 SE England phenology record exists, which is recorded under the place finding.

GrassSelected component

Fills the snow_lim_patch slot. The stable path and origin retain Helsinki migration lineage, while the record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place generic, representativeness generic, applicable_scale land_cover, source jarvi2014 and method literature.

GrassSelected component

Fills the albedo slot. The record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place se-england, representativeness site, applicable_scale land_cover, source ward2016 and method fitted. Its alb_max leaf overrides those defaults with source jarvi2011, method literature and generic reach.

GrassSelected component

Fills the drainage slot. The stable path retains its SE England/Ward 2016 migration lineage, while the record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place swindon, representativeness site, source ward2018 and method literature.

GrassSelected component

Fills the emissivity slot. The record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place generic and representativeness generic; it carries source jarvi2011 and declares method literature.

GrassSelected component

Fills the leaf_area_index slot. The stable migration path retains SE England, while the record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place generic, representativeness generic, applicable_scale land_cover, source jarvi2011 and method literature.

Grass (SE England)Selected component

Fills the leaf_growth_power slot. The record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass (SE England)", place se-england, representativeness site, source jarvi2014 and method fitted. Official SUEWS documentation supplies the lai.lai_type 1 selector, matching the leaf_area_index component.

Grass (SE England)Selected component

Fills the max_vegetation_conductance slot. The record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass (SE England)", place se-england and representativeness regional; it carries source breuer2003 and declares method literature.

GrassSelected component

Fills the water_storage slot. The stable path retains its SE England/Ward 2016 migration lineage, while the record declares target land_cover.grass, name "Grass", place swindon, representativeness site, source ward2018 and method literature.

Assessment findings

Composite identitysupported
The composite's name reads "Grass Ward et al. (2016)", its place reads london and its origin reads London, UK. Three of the thirteen components declare source ward2016, filling albedo and both ohm positions. The other ten use independently declared sources; ward2018 for drainage, breuer2003 for max_vegetation_conductance, a Ruimy-Schmid-Järvi compilation for biogen_co2, jarvi2014 for snow_lim_patch, vegetation_growth and leaf_growth_power, jarvi2011 for emissivity, leaf_area_index and water_storage, and unreferenced for porosity. The name field is identical to that of archetypes/surfaces/grass/swindon-uk--grass-ward-et-al-2016, so the label alone does not distinguish the two entries; the place field and the entry path do. Nothing the label claims is contradicted by the assembly.
Composite targetsupported
The composite declares target land_cover.grass. Ten of the thirteen components declare target land_cover.grass. records/surfaces/common/se-england--ruimy1995--biogen-co2 declares target land_cover.common, which docs/FORMAT.md defines as the surface-agnostic target used "for surface-agnostic sets such as soils", so a plant-canopy CO2 set declared common is admissible in the biogen_co2 slot of a grass composite. The remaining two declare target ohm_coefficients, which is what the ohm slot takes: docs/FORMAT.md puts the four season and wetness positions of supy's ohm_coef on the archetype rather than on the coefficient records. Surface records carry no attaches_to field, which in this database appears only on the profile records under records/profiles/, so the slot check rests on the parameter names each component carries, and every slot receives a component holding the fields that slot names. The season mapping is right: records/ohm/generic--ward2016--all-vegetation declares season_label Summer and fills summer_wet and summer_dry, and records/ohm/generic--ward2016--all-vegetation--code-201-x-multiplier-for-winter-2012 declares season_label Winter and fills winter_wet and winter_dry; neither declares a wet or dry distinction, so one set fills both positions within its season. Both are all-vegetation sets rather than grass-specific ones, but ward2016 contributes no grass-specific coefficient record to this database, its vegetation entries being the summer and winter forms of code 201, so the all-vegetation set is the only choice consistent with the study the composite is named for.
Own parameter valuesnot applicable
The composite declares no parameters of its own, so it overrides no component value; the exported fragment is its components merged into their slots.
Composition rationalenot applicable
The composite declares no source field and asserts no parameters of its own, so there is no published composition rationale to review. The archetype format does allow a composite to carry a source, as the snow archetypes do for the scalars they assert themselves, and this entry carries none. Each component's own source belongs to that component's evidence assessment.
Place applicabilitycuration required
The composite declares place london, which db/places.yml gives as lat 51.51, lon -0.13, koppen Cfb. Three of the thirteen components declare place se-england, which db/places.yml gives as lat 51.2, lon -0.8, koppen Cfb and subnational true, a region containing London and sharing its koppen class. Drainage and water_storage are site-scoped Swindon records, the phenology record carries place helsinki, five components are generic and the two OHM components carry no place. The Swindon imports and Helsinki phenology need explicit London composition rationales. Snowpack limit is a generic Järvi literature default. The biogen_co2 slot has mixed leaf-level scope. Its Ruimy light-response pair is generic, its Schmid respiration pair is from Morgan-Monroe State Forest, and its Järvi minimum-respiration floor is site-scoped in Finland. The remaining vegetation_growth takes the Helsinki record. records/surfaces/grass/se-england--ward2016--phenology exists, declaring target land_cover.grass, place se-england, representativeness regional and source ward2016. No archetype in the database references it, while all nine grass composites take the Helsinki phenology record instead. The two records hold different values, so exchanging them changes a model input and this review does not propose it; a maintainer should decide whether Helsinki phenology inside a Ward et al. (2016) SE England composite is deliberate or an artefact of the migration, and settle the question for both this entry and its counterpart at once.
Representativenesscuration required
The composite declares representativeness city. One component declares regional, four declare site (albedo, drainage, LAI-power and water storage), the phenology record declares city, and five components, including snow limit, declare generic; the two OHM components carry no representativeness field. The biogen_co2 component is mixed-scope: Ruimy's alpha_bio_co2 and beta_bio_co2 are generic, but Schmid's resp_a and resp_b and Järvi's min_res_bioco2 are site-scoped. The site-scoped records and mixed-scope biogenic input are narrower than the city composite, and no published composition rationale documents the transplant, so city representativeness needs maintainer adjudication. The two city archetypes use the same complete component set, including the same two Swindon site-scoped hydrological inputs; no component differentiates London from Swindon, which is what makes it indistinguishable from archetypes/surfaces/grass/swindon-uk--grass-ward-et-al-2016; that is taken under identity.
Slot and season mappingsupported
An assembly of thirteen existing records into the twelve slots the vegetation archetypes use, the ohm slot taking a summer set and a winter set, and assembled is the method a composition sidecar takes. The composite produces no value of its own.
Completeness and uniquenesscuration required
The uses block fills all twelve slots the vegetation archetypes use, namely albedo, emissivity, water_storage, leaf_area_index, leaf_growth_power, drainage, max_vegetation_conductance, porosity, biogen_co2, snow_lim_patch, vegetation_growth and ohm, which is the slot vocabulary every land_cover.grass, land_cover.dectr and land_cover.evetr archetype in the database uses, so no slot is missing. The ohm slot names a summer set and a winter set, which is why thirteen distinct records fill twelve slots. The entry is not unique: archetypes/surfaces/grass/swindon-uk--grass-ward-et-al-2016 carries a byte-identical uses block and the identical name field, "Grass Ward et al. (2016)", differing from this entry only in archetype path, place, origin and legacy_id, this one declaring legacy_id 24240028. Because the entries select the same components, neither holds anything specific to its city, so the two published typologies are the same values presented twice. The same pair of cities repeats this in three other surfaces: archetypes/surfaces/bsoil/london-uk--central-london-ward-et-al-2016 and archetypes/surfaces/bsoil/swindon-uk--suburban-residential-ward-et-al-2016, archetypes/surfaces/dectr/london-uk--deciduous-tree-ward-et-al-2016 and archetypes/surfaces/dectr/swindon-uk--deciduous-tree-ward-et-al-2016, and archetypes/surfaces/evetr/london-uk--evergreen-tree-ward-et-al-2016 and archetypes/surfaces/evetr/swindon-uk--evergreen-tree-ward-et-al-2016 each carry an identical uses block. The duplicate-value quality warning in scripts/check_db.py scans entries under records/ only, so make check does not report this. Whether to keep two city entries, collapse them into one SE England regional archetype, or differentiate them is a curation decision.

Scientific note

Read on its own the composite is coherent. Three of thirteen components declare source ward2016; maximum conductance is a Breuer et al. literature value applied through an SE England record, while emissivity and leaf_area_index cite Järvi et al. (2011), and drainage and water storage cite Ward et al. (2018). Three components declare place se-england, a region that contains London, while drainage and water storage are site-scoped Swindon inputs, snowpack limit is generic and phenology carries place Helsinki. The biogen_co2 slot combines a generic Ruimy light-response fit with site-scoped Schmid and Järvi fields, which requires composition-level adjudication. The ohm season mapping is right, the summer-labelled code 201 set filling summer_wet and summer_dry and the winter-labelled set filling winter_wet and winter_dry. Two questions need a maintainer. The first is the vegetation_growth slot, which takes records/surfaces/grass/helsinki--jarvi2014--phenology although records/surfaces/grass/se-england--ward2016--phenology is an available regional record referenced by no archetype at all; snow_lim_patch beside it is the generic Järvi default, while the phenology slot is not forced. The second is that this entry and archetypes/surfaces/grass/swindon-uk--grass-ward-et-al-2016 carry byte-identical uses blocks and the identical name field. Both include the same two Swindon site-scoped hydrological inputs, and no component differentiates the two city entries. The same duplication runs through the bsoil, dectr and evetr archetypes for the same two cities, so the pattern should be settled once rather than surface by surface. Neither question can be closed from the composition layer: exchanging the phenology component changes a model input, and collapsing or differentiating two published typologies is a curation decision.

Model-ready fragment

Paste under land_cover.grass in a SUEWS YAML configuration; every value carries its citation.

alb_min:
  value: 0.18
  ref:
    ID: ward2016
    DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
    desc: se-england, site, land_cover
alb_max:
  value: 0.21
  ref:
    ID: jarvi2011
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.001
    desc: generic, generic, land_cover
emis:
  value: 0.93
  ref:
    ID: jarvi2011
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.001
    desc: generic, generic
storage_drain_params:
  store_min:
    value: 1.9
    ref:
      ID: ward2018
      DOI: 10.1002/joc.5200
      desc: swindon, site
  store_max:
    value: 1.9
    ref:
      ID: ward2018
      DOI: 10.1002/joc.5200
      desc: swindon, site
  drain_eq:
    value: 2
    ref:
      ID: ward2018
      DOI: 10.1002/joc.5200
      desc: swindon, site
  drain_coef_1:
    value: 0.013
    ref:
      ID: ward2018
      DOI: 10.1002/joc.5200
      desc: swindon, site
  drain_coef_2:
    value: 1.71
    ref:
      ID: ward2018
      DOI: 10.1002/joc.5200
      desc: swindon, site
lai:
  lai_type:
    value: 1
    ref:
      ID: umep-dev2020a-docs
      DOI: null
      desc: se-england, site, land_cover
  lai_min:
    value: 1.6
    ref:
      ID: umep-dev2020a-docs
      DOI: null
      desc: se-england, site, land_cover
  lai_max:
    value: 5.9
    ref:
      ID: umep-dev2020a-docs
      DOI: null
      desc: se-england, site, land_cover
  lai_power:
    growth_lai:
      value: 0.04
      ref:
        ID: jarvi2014
        DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
        desc: se-england, site, land_cover
    growth_gdd:
      value: 0.001
      ref:
        ID: jarvi2014
        DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
        desc: se-england, site, land_cover
    senescence_lai:
      value: -1.5
      ref:
        ID: jarvi2014
        DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
        desc: se-england, site, land_cover
    senescence_sdd:
      value: 0.0015
      ref:
        ID: jarvi2014
        DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
        desc: se-england, site, land_cover
  base_temperature:
    value: 5
    ref:
      ID: jarvi2014
      DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
      desc: helsinki, city
  base_temperature_senescence:
    value: 10
    ref:
      ID: jarvi2014
      DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
      desc: helsinki, city
  gdd_full:
    value: 300
    ref:
      ID: jarvi2014
      DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
      desc: helsinki, city
  sdd_full:
    value: -450
    ref:
      ID: jarvi2014
      DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
      desc: helsinki, city
wet_threshold:
  value: 2
  ref:
    ID: ward2018
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.5200
    desc: swindon, site
max_conductance:
  value: 33.1
  ref:
    ID: breuer2003
    DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00274-6
    desc: se-england, regional
alpha_bio_co2:
  value: 0.044
  ref:
    ID: ruimy1995
    DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60063-X
    desc: generic, generic
beta_bio_co2:
  value: 43.35
  ref:
    ID: ruimy1995
    DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60063-X
    desc: generic, generic
resp_a:
  value: 1.08
  ref:
    ID: schmid2000
    DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00140-4
    desc: morgan-monroe-state-forest, site
resp_b:
  value: 0.064
  ref:
    ID: schmid2000
    DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00140-4
    desc: morgan-monroe-state-forest, site
min_res_bioco2:
  value: 0.6
  ref:
    ID: jarvi2019
    DOI: 10.1029/2018JD029576
    desc: finland, site
snowpack_limit:
  value: 190
  ref:
    ID: jarvi2014
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-1691-2014
    desc: generic, generic, land_cover
ohm_coef:
  summer_wet:
    a1:
      value: 0.23
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a2:
      value: 0.325
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a3:
      value: -16.91
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
  summer_dry:
    a1:
      value: 0.23
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a2:
      value: 0.325
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a3:
      value: -16.91
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
  winter_wet:
    a1:
      value: 0.27
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a2:
      value: 0.325
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a3:
      value: 6.62
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
  winter_dry:
    a1:
      value: 0.27
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a2:
      value: 0.325
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover
    a3:
      value: 6.62
      ref:
        ID: ward2016
        DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.05.001
        desc: land_cover

Composition review

Curation requiredReview procedure

Composite metadata

Placelondon
Scopecity
Targetland_cover.grass · docs
Origin“London, UK” (verbatim legacy string)
Schema2026.5 · legacy row 24240028
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